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Q » What is the difference between temporary and permanent hardness?
03 Nov, 2025
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A » Temporary hardness in water is caused by dissolved bicarbonate minerals that can be removed by boiling, leading to precipitated solids. In contrast, permanent hardness results from non-bicarbonate salts, such as chlorides and sulfates, which do not precipitate upon boiling and require chemical treatment for removal. Both types affect water quality, influencing its suitability for domestic and industrial use.
03 Nov, 2025
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